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|hW(xu)ح׷ɣoЇvʷ֮·ĝhW(xu)

2024-01-01 10:10:12 ԴЇ„W(wng)   ݋p   

ӛ _

1973ӢhW(xu)(John Mark Dutton Elvin)ײЇĚvʷ֮·(The Pattern of the Chinese Past)һ“ˮƽ”ՓUጹI(y)ʲôl(f)ښW޶ЇڌW(xu)޴푣ɞЇʷоՓʯ

1980ԓ(jng)Ї(jng)ʷW(xu)̩dzЇW(xu)Ӱ푲l(f)һЇW(xu)

낀o^ȥ1219ӢȻoW(xu)@1228AW(xu)vʷϵekW(xu)g(sh)o׷˼@λΌW(xu)֔ԵµĝhW(xu)ѭ@Щo•һЩcW(xu)g(sh)ؕIǰ±׷

“ЇW(xu)֮”

1938Ӣ@òʿW(xu)λsAЪ犡LЇ(jng)ʷĻʷͭh(hun)ʷȺνڹW(xu)˹W(xu)W(xu)1973—1989ڹW(xu)Їʷ(dn)΁оζ1990ڰĴW(xu)̫оԺЇʷ̫́^(q)ʷںټ

20o5015qڂW(xu)xӢvʷW(xu)Ґ۵A·(Edward Gibbon)ʷW(xu)_Rۇ˥ʷ(The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire)Ӱ푌ЇĚvʷ֮·һ͵ĚW˵ҕǿЇvʷ

c_Rۇ˥ʷЇĚvʷ֮·ڼµӑՓṩκοԷQ鶨ՓĴ“׫ǞCԞijЩ(ni)ݣ҄֌tҪz?zi)ЩδНM𰸵Ć}”ԓİЏ{(dio)

ڕĆ}ǣLځAۇLھSֽy(tng)һ]_RۇǘK?ǰе‡W(xu)fЇ“f֮”ЄW(xu)sɪʿЇŴƼl(f)չ“sɪ֮”ɵČW(xu)ĴW(xu)ںƽɵᆖԱȼߣ^֮“ЇW(xu)֮”

׌AMһ

ţW(xu)ڵλЇW(xu)1987ƽţW(xu)xʿW(xu)λɾȲغҊƽՄ20o70LϺĽ(jng)vfЇW(xu)g(sh)ʥأՓоh

(һ)͌W(xu)һһƽLߺƽD

ţĵһƽ׺ÿܶҪύxȻώˮƽOߵuՓ“mȻϬǘO߆l(f)˼(do)l(f)F(xin)vʷ挍γɶ”񣬺ƽĕԱţW(xu)һW(xu)ô֙CxӛɴuՓҊ

һvʷW(xu)ҞҪЇ^ȥڡЇĚvʷ֮·“Їvʷvʷһ֣vʷзdzVҪȤһ֡”

ƽ販ʿW(xu)λYڌ(do)ϯLߺƽD

_ꑪ(yng)ӛώ“ώӰ(do)оAİl(f)չ”ΌW(xu)ƽ“һֱ(do)Լ֪Rо׌A܉Mһ”׷^ƽȻ

嶨“Їh(hun)ʷ”

ƽJώɵ׿Խ֮̎ڣHDZ^I(lng)I(lng)܊W(xu)߀ڲ_µI(lng)

Ї(jng)ʷĻʷ֮оcI(lng)D(zhun)Їh(hun)ʷ

1990꣬“Їh(hun)ʷ”о(gu)1993꣬c_“оԺ”ܽ“(lin)ǽM_Їh(hun)ʷW(xu)g(sh)ӑ־Їh(hun)ʷһTоI(lng)ʽQԓhՓļeuЇh(hun)ʷՓļҲɞЇh(hun)ʷ_ɽ֮2004ɳ桶˅sһЇh(hun)ʷ嶨@һоI(lng)ĿuW(xu)׫Їh(hun)ʷĵ֮һ

ԕ򣬡˅sİҪgAW(xu)vʷϵ÷ѩgԓcɽY(ji)Rc^֮

20111025÷ѩ(Ҷ)()ڵһÖ|h(hun)ʷW(xu)g(sh)ӑg_“Ժ”ƌW(xu)^ӰL÷ѩ۹D

20101£÷ѩڄW(xu)߼LW(xu)g(dng)Ո̷g˅s^еĆ}c“ţϼs턦҂sɪоīIҽһ”÷ѩۻؑv⣬̹\в÷ѩڷgrע⡣

˅sڌW(xu)g(sh)o˲֪÷ѩָɏĴ˅sЇŴvʷ֮ԏጵĄtǎǧЇ(jng)ĻĹ(ji)(ji)McҰIJ˅s֮gP(gun)ϵԴ˷LvʷrڱQ“Ї”@ƬcȻӵ׃ʧ

ɽ(gu)һȻɴϵy(tng)(f)sP(gun)“(lin)wCϵĚvʷºͽf˅sӳյIJijijTĚvʷһxϵwʷQ֮h(hun)ʷ(dng)ȻҲʮǡ(dng)?sh)÷ѩur

Ե W(xu)L(fng)

HеطQ“ҵ”Ї֪(jng)ʷW(xu)W(xu)v(x)ڽ|ЇĚvʷ֮·ЇW(xu)֮һҲԓҪgߡɲHǮ(dng)Їʷо(yu)ČW(xu)֮һ߀һλ׷W(xu)B鮅ʹW(xu)

1989صvW(xu)ՈһЩW(xu)g(sh)}@ԼӢɅsĻ“ţrЇW(xu)ߌİ׵L(fng)@ܲһ݅F(xin)ڵĝhW(xu)Ү(dng)жҊԽoҺܺõӡ”ɴc_ʼʮx

䌍1979xɵġЇĚvʷ֮·ؼԓķgڸL۵ʮdr(jng)4λЇvʷW(xu)ͨgԓİKڽ4³m@Ӣİ憖50ҲɾˇHЇʷоvʷϵһμԒ

2000꣬ڡЇƌW(xu)l(f)Փġ“x”“”c“δr(nng)I(y)”——y(tng)(jng)ʷоęzӑP(gun)ڼg(sh)M^cu(dng)6£غɅһږ|eеČW(xu)g(sh)hσ˾ʹˆ}MˠՓ˺728սo،һƪLţMһUԼg(sh)M}Ҋ@ЩҊ⌦_JRrЇļg(sh)M}кܴ“X^c_?gu)ܴԼҲ^cңuҊH|߀u߹ͬõҊ⡣@u؄e݅u߁fǐԵ”ػؑ

ЇĚvʷ֮·g嶨ՈɞİȻPϣgܞxߴ_ͨ˽ܾǰЇȤ֮@һƪ“o҂(yng)ԓ”ĬúصZ

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